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The flow characteristics of the hydraulic jump due to parallel jets are different from the classical jump emerging from a single gate. Due to the highly complex flow field at the downstream pool, deciding about the tailwater measuring location is a challenging issue affecting the flow measuring accuracy. Experiments are conducted herein, on different parallel jets’ configurations for both free and submerged flow conditions. To quantify the flow uniformity, for any downstream cross section, the associated momentum correction factors, β2, were estimated for the free-flow condition. It is found that β2-values depend significantly on the measuring location, and consequently the available conjugated depths relationship results in poor estimation when measuring location moves downstream. Employing Buckingham analysis, a general formula is proposed to calculate the momentum correction factors associated with the free hydraulic jump at different downstream measuring locations. The experimental results of this study indicated that such a formula enhances distinguishing between free and submerged flow conditions of the gates installed in parallel. Finally, a dimensionless stage-discharge formula is presented to predict the submerged flow rate through parallel gates of different gate openings and widths. 相似文献
23.
Biogenic amines assessment during different stages of the canning process of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) 下载免费PDF全文
Roberta Garcia Barbosa Luciano Valdemiro Gonzaga Eduarda Lodetti Gisele Olivo Ana Carolina Oliveira Costa Santiago Pedro Aubourg Roseane Fett 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2018,53(5):1236-1245
The present research focused on the biogenic amines (BAs) formation in skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) throughout the whole canning process. In agreement with its wide employment on this species, on‐board brine immersion freezing (BIF) was tested as post‐mortem processing. The study included fish samples corresponding to different stages of the canning process such as frozen, thawed, cooked and canned; after cooking, two kinds of tuna muscles were considered, that is, whole fillets (main product) and grated muscle (off‐product arising from small pieces). For the BAs (tryptamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, spermidine and spermine) assessment, an HPLC‐DAD method was developed and validated in skipjack tuna samples, in agreement with different parameters such as suitability, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, accuracy and robustness. Tuna submitted on‐board to BIF procedure provided low levels of spermine and spermidine (up to 27.6 mg kg?1), while contents on the remaining BAs maintained below the limit of detection. Throughout the different stages of the canning process, skipjack tuna showed a low formation of most BAs; interestingly, histamine content was found below 10.6 mg kg?1 level. The highest values were obtained for spermidine, these related to cooked grated tuna (from 22.6 to 66.7 mg kg?1) and canned grated tuna (from 70.6 to 104.4 mg kg?1). Values for pH assessment in all kinds of tuna samples corroborated the results obtained for BAs determination. BIF procedure proved to be an amenable post‐mortem processing to guarantee the quality of canned skipjack tuna. 相似文献
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The formation mechanism of an internal crack was clarified from the viewpoint of the crystallography and thermal expansion. An inverse pole figure map obtained by EBSD pattern showed that the crack propagated along the grain boundaries having high ∑ values within the columnar zone. After the crack initiation, these positions were considered to undergo cracking followed by propagation toward the equiaxed side. Near the termination position, the grains ahead of crack propagation had a Schmid factor higher than 0.45 consuming elastic strain energy. Thermal expansion measurements showed that the grain with (0 0 1) orientation had the largest expansion while that with (0 1 1) the smallest. The grain boundaries neighboring the combination of (0 0 1) and (0 1 1) grains had the largest thermal stress. Therefore, thermal stress contributed to the initiation of cracking. It was thus proposed to enlarge the equiaxed zone to prevent cracking by discontinuing the crack propagation. 相似文献
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Nilesh P. Vanikar Shantipal S. Ohol Saeede Goldar 《International Journal of Cast Metals Research》2018,31(4):249-259
Bottom pour ladles with stopper rod systems are commonly used in the metal casting industry. However, stopper rod bottom-pouring systems have not yet been developed for the lower thermal masses of alloys typically used in the investment casting industry. Large thermal masses used with bottom pour systems are typically limited for ladles larger than 700 kg and to certain alloys with higher fluidity and longer solidification time like cast iron, aluminum alloys etc. In this study, bottom pour ladle designs and low thermal mass refractory systems have been developed and evaluated in production investment foundry trials with 300 kg pouring ladle. The ladles system and pouring practices used will be described along with the results from the pouring trials for SS304 that represents typical alloys used in Investment casting industries. Optimization of the variables used in an experimentation using Genetic algorithm is also explained. 相似文献
28.
Wenhao Qiu Guangyao Lian Peng Zhou Kaoli Huang 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2020,36(5):1592-1603
An extended failure mode effect and criticality analysis (FMECA)-based sample allocation method for testability verification is presented in this study to deal with the poor representativeness of test sample sets and the randomness of the testability evaluation results caused by unreasonable selection of failure samples. First, the fault propagation intensity is introduced as part of the extended information of FMECA, and the sample allocation impact factors of component units and failure modes are determined under this framework. Then, the failure mode similarity and impact factor support are defined, and the game decision method for weighing the relationship between similarity and support is proposed to obtain the weight of failure mode impact factor. Finally, a two-step allocation framework of test samples is formulated to realize the sample allocation of component units and failure modes. This method is applied to the testability verification test of a launch control system. Results show that this method can obtain more representative test samples compared with the traditional sample allocation method while effectively reducing randomness of single testability evaluation result. 相似文献
29.
航空发动机进气总温传感器测温误差研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
航空发动机进口总温测量的准确性是优化发动机控制率、保障发动机飞行安全的关键因素之一。针对影响传感器测量准确性的响应时间、恢复系数,通过空气动力学和热力学理论,分析出具体的影响因素,设计了多种结构模型,并通过热风洞试验、FloEFD软件建模和热流体仿真,从材料及结构上系统地提出了优化途径和改善办法并进行了验证,尤其是分析了双余度传感器的响应一致性误差并提出改善方法。研究结果为同类传感器的设计提供了参考和借鉴。 相似文献
30.
放顶煤开采期间,上覆岩层受到矿压的影响,形成冒落带、裂隙带、弯曲下沉带,工作面采空区遗煤和围岩涌出的大量瓦斯飘浮在上方裂隙带区域,造成瓦斯聚集并向外涌出,形成了安全隐患,因此必须将该区域瓦斯抽出来;以往治理采空区瓦斯主要采用顶板裂隙高位钻场、顶板高抽巷等措施,但是这2种方法施工成本较高,且施工周期长,对生产接替影响较大。煤层顶板裂隙高位定向长钻孔安全高效抽采采用大功率钻机+定向钻进技术,在裂隙带施工控制整个回采范围的长钻孔,减少采空区和邻近层瓦斯向工作面空间的流动,真正实现了“以孔代巷”,既节省了成本,又缩短了工期,还提高了采空区瓦斯抽采的连续性、稳定性,减少了采空区瓦斯向外涌出,提升了瓦斯抽采效果,促进了煤矿安全高效发展。 相似文献